Definition and Examples of Infinitive Phrases

Definition and Examples of Infinitive Phrases Definition In English language, an infinitive expression is aâ verbal development comprised of the molecule to and the base type of an action word, with or without modifiers, supplements, and items. Likewise called anâ infinitival express and a to-infinitive expression. An infinitive expression can work as a thing, a descriptive word, or an intensifier, and it can show up in different spots in a sentence. Models and Observations The best way to never come up short is to never endeavor anything.â€Å"To laughâ isâ to live profoundly.†(Milan Kundera, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, 1979)The explicit pictures introduced on film are regularly difficult to recollect similarly that fantasies are difficult to remember.(J. F. Pagel, The Limits of Dream. Scholastic Press, 2008)[N]ot everybody has a similar capacity to recollect dreams.(Peretz Lavie, The Enchanted World of Sleep. Yale University Press, 1996)In an incredible course I have frequently needed to try to backpedal, and I should admit that I have consistently thought that it was a healthy diet.(Winston Churchill, cited in Churchill without anyone else by Richard Langworth. PublicAffairs, 2008)Im Luke Skywalker. Im here to save you.(Mark Hamill as Luke in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, 1977)Jane and Frank had driven crosscountry to protect you from the paint-stripping shelter in Lovelock.(Charles Stross, Rule 34. Pro, 2011)Im regarded to be the main lady to have the chance to order the shuttle.(U.S. Aviation based armed forces Colonel Eileen Collins, July 1999) I went to the forested areas since I wished to live purposely, to front just the fundamental unavoidable truths that apply to everyone, and check whether I was unable to realize what it needed to educate, and not, when I had come to kick the bucket, find that I had not lived.(Henry David Thoreau, Walden, 1854)Yes, indeed, the past disrupts everything; it trips us up, impedes us; it confuses, makes troublesome. Be that as it may, to overlook this is imprudence, on the grounds that, most importantly, what history instructs us is to maintain a strategic distance from figment and pretend, to dismiss dreams, home brew, fix alls, wonder-functions, pie-in-the skyto be realistic.(Graham Swift, Waterland. Poseidon Press, 1983) Infinitives With Delayed Subjects There is a connection among it and the infinitive expression in the sentence It took such a long time to arrive? One job that an infinitive can fill is that of the deferred subject. Sentences with postponed subjects consistently start with the fake it, a fake component that replaces some word(s) in a sentence. . . . In the guests sentence, the fake it fills the spot of the subject to arrive. The genuine subject, the infinitive expression, is postponed till the finish of the sentence. To confirm this is really a postponed subject, supplant the spurious it with the infinitive expression. To arrive took such a long time. The infinitive expression moves effectively from its place toward the end as a postponed subject to the front of the sentence where it turns into a typical subject.(Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl Book, 2004) Infinitives With For [A] variation of the infinitive expression starts with for and is regularly trailed by an individual thing or pronoun. Models for these are: [INFINITIVES WITH FOR] Doctors are commonly qualified for autonomous licensure to rehearse essential consideration specialities now. Government authorities said they allow for guardians to make game plans for their youngsters, and allude them to a social help organization if vital. I said OK; at that point the thing for us to do was to go for the performers. By and large discourse and composing, we will in general abbreviate infinitives to the molecule in addition to action word base for general reference. a. [INFINITIVE PHRASE] I stated, okay; at that point the thing for us to do was to go for the performers. b. [HI/INFINITIVE PHRASE REDUCED] I stated, okay; at that point the thing . . . to do was to go for the entertainers. Notwithstanding, if the reference is explicit to an individual, thing or theme, it is important to incorporate it. a. [SPECIFIC NOUN INFINITIVE PHRASE/HI]​​ It was no new thing for David to play the dusk. Before the finish of a fortnight David had brought his dads violin for Joe to rehearse on. However it was, there was in every case sure to be something sitting tight toward the end for him and his violin to find. Since the reference is made explicitly to David, Joe, and him and his violin, the infinitive expression can't be abbreviated without losing some portion of the importance of the sentence. (Bernard ODwyer, Modern English Structures: Form, Function, And Position, second ed. Broadview, 2006)

Commercial Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Law - Essay Example also, acknowledgment can be accommodated with the suggested idea that agreements mirror the real goal of the legally binding gatherings, especially in business agreements and contemporary contracting methods1. This issue has regularly emerged in distortion claims and break of agreement claims contesting pre-legally binding dealings, which are frequently seen as by business parties as proof of authoritative intention2. Be that as it may, the aim showed in pre-legally binding exchanges can present issues if not represented in the body of the marked agreement itself. The issue of goal is additionally exacerbated by the general legal assumption of the sacredness of agreement especially in business contract cases3. The focal point of this paper is to fundamentally assess whether the convention of offer and acknowledgment can really mirror the aim of contracting parties especially in business contracts. This is especially apparent as to the contemporary strategies for correspondence and the advancement of business exchanges in the nineteenth century anyway required the reshaping of existing offer and acknowledgment rules to guarantee a sensible level of exactness and sureness in legally binding negotiations4. This prompted the presentation of the postal principle, which by and large terms specifies that authoritative acknowledgment becomes successful once posted instead of when it is gotten by the offeror5. The abrogating motivation behind the standard was to make assurance in authoritative exchanges, anyway the present techniques for correspondence, for example, web, fax and phone has rendered the postal principle a troublesome model to apply by and by. Be that as it may, the truth of business contracting has driven reporters to address whether the settled in rule of acknowledgment and the postal principle can legitimately speak to authoritative goal, especially with the expanding utilization of email in legally binding negotiations6. For instance, Capps recommends that â€Å"given the advances in correspondence frameworks since

Basic Security in Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fundamental Security in Corrections - Essay Example The Department of Corrections is basically carried out to accomplish open wellbeing, sinking crime percentages and making lives and neighborhoods safe.â Business Impact Analysis causes us choose which territories are significant inside the branch of Corrections. It assists gather with confirming dependent on experience of the gifted group and information about significant remedial practices and hazard decrease strategies. The above all else work that requires improvement would be the administration conveyance framework. It would improve conditions in the jail and the Department of rectifications too. Additionally, the capacity that should be improved is the innovation which empowers better checking frameworks too for every single essential security. And this connected at the hip with a top notch framework that can bolster this. Business Impact Analysis’ activities. projects and administrations are uniquely intended to consider the Offenders guilty party and responsible and to bring down the danger of rising new wrongdoings and exploitations. Essential Securities alludes to all the strategies followed inside an association for guaranteeing protecting of advantages, ensuring the accuracy and unwavering quality of records, and empowering operational rightness and recognition to endorsed techniques. Inside Controls additionally remembers the shielding of the Computer Systems for the Organization. Security is a rising misgiving since PC frameworks are currently more mind boggling than any time in recent memory. Explicit security concerns emerge from the wealth of PCs, LAN’s, and on-line frameworks that gives more than one different ways of gaining information from a source. Progression in innovation furnishes programmers with a few better approaches for safecracking. Significant elements of concern identified with PC interior controls by and large include: association controls, frameworks improvement controls, upkeep controls, documentation controls, remote access controls, information controls, procedural controls, physical security, secret key security

America After 9/11

Where were you during 9/11?When the first rays of the 21st century dawned on America, the nations citizens knew nothing more than peace and hope for the future to come.5Their enjoyment of seeing the light of day ended abruptly, in colossal rubble, smoke, and countless deaths.September 11, 2001 marked one of the most tragic man-made incidents in history. Thousands met an atrocious end, their dreams crushed in an instantno one saw it coming.Many people today remember 9/11/2001 through memories shared yet distinct. Some watched it from far away, through a live broadcast on television, feeling crippling helplessness as their eyes are fixated at death and despair. Others bear witness to the tragedy themselves in ground zero, their inability to breathe through the smog not as painful as their inability to comprehend the horrors unfolding before them.Yet, the sentiments were all the same: shock, confusion, sorrow, frustration, indignation, hatred, all echoing then as they continue to do so today. The event left marks on not only American citizens but also people around the world as one of the most prominent in human history. Its significance lies in those sentiments mentioned before, manifesting in debates and questions of who is to blame and what can be done to prevent incidents of such scale from happening again.In such light, reflection is key, its object being memory. Reflection is done best if its aim is to bring such memory to light that it endows insights and lessons in the most profound and optimistic way. To commemorate an event such as 9/11 is to give it justice, not only for the people who passed but also for the generations to come. But to do so, we must first strip ourselves of our current predispositions of the event, be it neutral or malignant.Just as September 11, 2001 was remembered well with a question, so too shall its reflection be grounded in questions.Where were you when the Twin Towers fell?Four hijacked planes, each carrying hundreds of passeng ers who had known nothing more than that they were going somewhere. Each plane, never reaching the destination that it was supposed to arrive at. The World Trade Center,bustling with people engaging in their own business matters. The Pentagon, busy with ensuring nationwide protection out of patriotism. Every other American citizen, going about their Tuesday morning like any other morning.Then, came the crashes. In an instant, the peace that they knew was gone. In an instant, so much confusion ensued. One thing is certain: this will forever haunt them, and they may never know peace again.The sprawling fields of the land of the free had been laid to waste. The optimism with which Americans viewed the future had been all but dead. They were never stripped of their freedom, but they refused to move in fear.Most definitely, the 9/11 attacks shook the United States down to its very core. Its mission, supposedly, has and always will be inclusivity and equity, that all who dwelled there wou ld reap every luxury and joy obtained in the pursuit of happiness. Long and hard were the countrys efforts to move forward from what they learned, from the atrocities that they caused to the Native Americans, to the African slaves, to the ones who they oppressed under their rule. There were traces, still, of their oppression, but more prominent was the dream of unity and compassion.Just as the World Trade Center fell apart, so too did the values that served as the foundation of America. Its citizens started to doubt the strength and practicality of such values. They had been abused, beaten, and thrown under the bus because of the very ideals that they stood with. Are ideals not for the greatest good? What use are ideals if they would lead us to rubble?Philosopher Karl Popper envisioned that a society cannot be completely tolerant, for if it is, those who are intolerant will eliminate the tolerant. For a tolerant society to thrive, it must be intolerant to the intolerant. America emb odied this paradox once, and wanted to learn from it. The means with which they did so, however, are extreme. What spawned is nationwide institutionalized racism. People flying to the US are subjected to detailed background checks on their declared religion, place of birth, and so on. The prime target of this: Muslims.Even outside this, racial profiling is rife throughout the country. Racism in the workplace against Muslims rose exorbitantly. As if to turn the tables, America has been made to be unsafe to Muslims. Poppers tolerant society turned extremea negative consequence.Granted, the recovery process has been slow, and sentiments of hope and peace returned steadily. During the healing phase, however, malignant cells entered through the open wound and infected the damaged whole, an infection that persists until today.Where were you when the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were attacked?One death is a tragedy, one million deaths is a statistic.Four planes hijacked, each flown to a particular locationtwo to the World Trade Center, one to the Pentagon, one failed to reach the US Capitolall acting in unison on a busy Tuesday morning. A timeframe of less than two hours. Nearly three thousand casualties, from the impact to the aftermath. It all happened too quickly.No doubt is this a coordinated assault. Doubtless, also, is this an act of terrorism, serving to strike terror into the hearts of American citizens. The shock of it all spawned questions demanding a response to the absurdity that had unfolded. Who is responsible? Where will they hit next?Former US president George W. Bush declared a state of emergency by then. It was understandable: such a large scale attack confirmed the possibility of other attacks of such magnitude. Momentarily, America was on the defensive, and repairs were underway.Simultaneously, the attacks were turned into a justification for hatred against Islam and its believers. A good offense is the best defense. They cannot get at us i f we get to them first. In a word, the response of some: eye for an eye.Thus, the Iraq War sprung, with its cause the 9/11 attacks, its target the terrorist organizations: Al-Qaeda, once led by Osama bin Laden who allegedly called for the attacks, and today the Taliban, another extremist group, it justifying itself as the United Statess war on terrora just cause, a good movement. Nearly two decades following the event, and even years after Osama bin Ladens death, the war still goes on.To some, this is a justification for the hatred against the Muslims. Their whole religion, their belief system, ideals, culture, values, are all boiled down to a single word: terrorist. Anything attributed to them is a mark of terror. All of the actions that they commit are in pursuit of their Sharia Law, with the grand plan of taking over the world.Hatred breeds hatred, and hatred is truly blinding. Bush was more concerned with the Iraq War than he was with assuring the US people. Perhaps actions spok e louder than words. Perhaps the war wasthe assurance to the US people, that they will no longer be terrorized because the source of terror will soon be liquidated. The paragon of patriotismbut it was an insufficient assurance: vague at best, misdirecting at worst.We have killed the king, but we did not cut off his head, Michel Foucault once said. If terror is to be ended, it must be done so for good, lest it only be continued by the very people who ended it. George W. Bush, however, was not clear on that end. He only wanted to put a stop to the terrorists. A fine cause, but that he did not aim at terror itself only served to perpetuate it.Though not so much at the magnitude of the Al-Qaeda, it was the underlying hatred that infected the US citizens, manifesting even until today, and it hides under the name patriotism. The love of country springs the hate of others.Frank Silva Roque shot and killed Balbir Singh Sodhi, a Sikh-American who was mistaken as a Muslim because he sported a beard and a turban.Terry Jones, a pastor of the Dove World Outreach Center who believed that Islam promotes violence, planned a controversial event that aimed to muster people for a collective effort of burning Korans.Mark Anthony Stroman shot three men as an act of vengeance against Arabs. His criterion for choosing his targets? They look like people of Muslim descent. Only one of his victims was truly Muslim.The 9/11 attacks, deserving of indignant outcry as they are, are just as undeserving to be reciprocated with violence. The paradox goes: We go to war to achieve peace. This is absolute nonsense.War is glorified violence, and violence has no true end. The United Statess war on terror is never on a war on terror; it is a war on terrorists. When blood is spilled, it will continue to spill. Violence does not lead to peaceviolence necessitates violence. Humanity thrives in peace and unity, and is deterred by violence.There are no victors in war, no supremacy in violence. When a hu man being harms another out of spite, humanity fails.Hatred begets hatreda vicious cycle that would wipe out all of mankind, if left unchecked.Where are you today?A few decades prior, there was another incident that saw the deaths of many American lives. The Jonestown massacre bore witness to the end of 918 people, their deaths caused by murder-suicide, all in a single night. They were all members of the Peoples Temple, a cult that isolated themselves from the world around them. They were led to such end because their leader, Jim Jones, convinced everyone with delusions of hatred and paranoia of the outsiders. The precursor to this atrocity:Congressman Leo Ryan assassinated after visiting and assessing the Peoples Temple town, even though he would report that the town is benign.Decades later, history repeats itself, but the suicide is subtle.Most definitely, 9/11 paved the way to drastic changes in public policy of all things perceived non-American, split between neutral, at least, and resentful, at worst. The shock remains palpable and it will last long into the future. Such a tragic event left an eternal mark on the minds and hearts of the American people. It is understandable: they upheld the values of inclusivity and compassion that rested on the foundation of trust, and that trust had been broken.Violence was the immediate instinct. Who, after such heartbreak, would not burst in rage and frustration? By this end, many justify the United Statess war on terror as warranted. Yet, just because it is instinctual does not mean it is right. If we were to resort to instinct in all of our endeavors, we would never move forward. Humanity progresses through unity and mutual understandingviolence merely deters it.The most significant point of all is that violence is not simply a matter of binary, of the violent and the violated. In violence, everyone is on the unfortunate receiving end. Those who are violated, become violent in retaliation, and those who are violent, violated their own principles. A murder-suicide, where no one wins. Nothing is given justice, and nothing matters.In the pursuit of exterminating travesty and atrocity, we must always strive to go straight to eliminating its very roots. Killing those who commit crimes is only plucking the fruits of the bad tree. We must, instead, uproot this tree. But such a task is difficult. Its roots run deep, coursing through miles of soil in history. Granted, it has been there since the dawn of humanity. It makes it very much more difficultbut it is an endeavor worthy of all of our efforts.As 9/11/2001 is commemorated until today, we will best learn from this tragedy by remembering to stay together, regardless of what happens. The day of reckoning comes when humanity turns on itself. Contemporary times have deemed it difficult to stay together because of differences. But a unity that stays together despite the differences of its constituents is the strongest kind.Though it has been nearly two decades since the attacks on September 11, 2001, it is never too late to sail forth to the frontier of peace. It does not have to recover the same peace it had known. Aside from repairs for the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, such peace is weak and susceptible to the kind of downfall it had when the attacks took place. Instead, what America can hope to achieve is a peace that is informed, ready to evolve, ready to adaptcome what mayand becomes stronger at the end without compromise on anyones part. Such is thespirit of America.Academic essay help for studentsHatred leads humanity down a spiral of self-destruction. Progress takes place when differences are set aside to foster genuine unity and mutual understanding. Here at , we advocate clear communication with our clients and ourselves to come up with the best results possible, whether it be in the form of essay help or in the creation of a whole new custom essay. As an academic writing service, we are always ready to render ou r help to the student in need. Are you in need of academic help? We welcome you to consult us.

Endicott College Admissions Acceptance Rate and More

Endicott College admissions are not highly competitive, in that only one-quarter of those who apply each year are not admitted to the school. Students will need solid grades and a strong application, in general, in order to be accepted. The school is test-optional, so SAT and ACT scores are not required. Admissions Data (2016) Endicott College Acceptance Rate: 79%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Endicott College AdmissionsWhat SAT numbers meanWhat ACT numbers mean Endicott College Description Located 20 miles north of Boston in Beverly, Massachusetts, Endicott Colleges 231-acre ocean-side campus includes three private beaches. The college frequently ranks highly among colleges in the Northeast. The college has a 16 to 1  student/faculty ratio  and an average class size of about 18 students. Business Administration is the most popular of the colleges 23 bachelors degree programs. Students can choose from 45 clubs and organizations. In athletics, most teams of the Endicott College Gulls compete in the NCAA Division III Commonwealth Coast Conference. The college competes in 18 intercollegiate sports. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 4,835 (3,181 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 39% Male / 61% Female88% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $31,312Books: $1,252 (why so much?)Room and Board: $14,500Other Expenses: $2,072Total Cost: $49,136 Endicott College Financial Aid (2015  - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 93%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 90%Loans: 69%Average Amount of AidGrants: $12,843Loans: $11,746 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Communication, Criminal Justice, Hospitality Management, Interior Design, Nursing, Psychology, Sport Management Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86%4-Year Graduation Rate: 76%6-Year Graduation Rate: 79% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Football, Tennis, Volleyball, Baseball, Track and Field, Lacrosse, Soccer, Golf, Basketball, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Equestrian, Field Hockey, Cross Country, Softball, Soccer, Basketball, Tennis, Volleyball Data Source National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Endicott College, You May Also Like These Schools Roger Williams University:  ProfileMerrimack College:  ProfileUniversity of Massachusetts - Amherst:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBentley University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSalve Regina University:  ProfileBoston University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSalem State University:  ProfileUniversity of Massachusetts - Boston: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStonehill College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphKeene State College:  ProfileNortheastern University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Endicott College Mission Statement: see the complete mission statement at  http://www.endicott.edu/About/Mission.aspx Shaped by a bold entrepreneurial spirit, Endicott College offers students a vibrant academic environment that remains true to its founding principle of integrating professional and liberal arts with experiential learning including internship opportunities across disciplines.  The College fosters a spirit of excellence by creating a challenging yet supportive and inclusive environment in which students are encouraged to take intellectual risks, pursue scholarly and creative interests, contribute to the community, and explore diverse career paths.  Endicott is committed to supporting the personal and professional development of its students, preparing them to assume meaningful roles within the greater community both domestically and internationally.

The Position of Adjunct Faculty in University Admission/Application Essay

Essays on The Position of Adjunct Faculty in University Admission/Application Essay The paper "The Position of Adjunct Faculty in University" is an excellent example of an application essay on education. I am writing to inform you of my interest for the position of full-time Adjunct Faculty at your university. I have the ability to provide learning support for students of all ages enrolled in the university. I hope you find my professional experience of working with people of all ages, adolescents, and my credentials a substantial qualification to consider me for the position at the university.  I hold an AS Business Administration from Community College, which has allowed me to understand and apply concepts from human psychology and special education. I also have a BS in Criminal Justice and Masters in the same, which has contributed to my life experience of working at correctional facilities and penitentiary as detailed in my resume. Through my education, I have cultured and learned how to work with and help people both students and inmates find healthy ways to live and creatively convey their emotions within a disciplined and structured classroom.  At the Department of Correction, where I was employed as a training instructor supervisor, I worked directly with troubled inmates and youths detained in the facility. In addition, I was able to conduct various activities and functions such as:   schedule security training classes and activities to meet the department needs, write and maintain employee training files and reports, instruct employees on the subject matter, supervise firing range and firearms activities, exchange information with other enforcement agencies, and participated in all APOSTC training instructor courses among other activities detailed in my attached resume.  In addition, regular classroom and facility teaching and instructions have enabled me to gain experience working with inmates, students and their parents, providing assistance with academic and behavioral problems. I also have various certifications ranging f rom managerial leadership style for today’s workforce, firearm and general instructor certificate for the state of AL, American Red Cross instructor, and U.S. Department of Homeland Security Firearms instructor among other certifications mentioned in my resume.  The enclosed resume illustrates further my education and work experience. As a Masters holder in Criminal Justice, I have acquainted myself with a range of skills, which would allow me to blend with your university culture and propel your university goal to new heights. I look forward to hearing from you to coordinate an interview, so I can highlight my strengths better as your next full-time Adjunct Faculty.

Lying Essay Example For Students

Lying Essay Is it ever OK to lie? Is a lie ever morally required? If the answer toeither of these questions is yes, then what are we to make of the ninthBiblical commandment, Thou shalt not bear false witness, or the rule weoften hear from parents and teachers, Honesty is the best policy?In this paper, well look at the ethics of lying through the lenses of twoof the most influential ethical theories in the history of philosophy. Thefirst is centered on the idea that the moral worth of an action depends onits results. It is called utilitarianism, and later we will look at aclassic version of utilitarianism defended by John Stuart Mill. This theorysays that, of the possible actions open to you, you should choose the onethat will do the greatest good for the greatest number, that is, the onethat will maximize happiness. The other theory is that morality is based onrights and duties. It is known as deontology. This theory says that we arerequired to perform certain moral duties regardless of the con sequences. Truthfulness is a virtue; there is no denying it. We admire the firstAmerican president, George Washington, because, as the story goes, whenasked by his father whether he had cut down the cherry tree on the familysproperty, he responded, I cannot tell a lie. I cut down the cherry tree.Things are not always so clear-cut, though, as the following examplesillustrate: 1. You have a date for a formal dance. You dress up in your finestclothes and greet him when he arrives at your door. He asks, How do Ilook? The truth is that he looks foolish. His suit does not fit right-the sleeves are too short, and the pants are too long. Furthermore,his hair is totally overdone. What do you tell him? If you were in hisposition, would you want to know the truth? 2. Your favorite great aunt, Veronica, a widow, has a beloved dog namedFifi. Today Fifi was hit by a car and killed. Aunt Veronica, long illwith cancer, is in the hospital and the doctors say she will notsurvive the night. You know this will be your last visit with her, andshe asks how Fifi is. Do you tell her the truth? If you were in herplace, would you want to know?Although it may not be clear what to do in these situations, many think itis clear that the decision should be based not on some abstract rule, buton careful consideration of the consequences of the proposed actions. Totake action without considering what will happen seems heartless andinhumane. So, these two examples make a powerful case in favor of the firstresults theory of morality, and also in favor of lying in certain specialcircumstances. John Stuart Mill is known as the father of this theory of morality. Youcan find the right thing to do in each of the above situations bydetermining exactly who will be affected by your choice (includingyourself) and calculating which choice will make everyone happy. (Mill, J. S. 2002) Mill wanted his theory to be a practical guide to decision makingthat accurately reflects the way good people instinctively act. Nevertheless, there are a few problems with Mills view. First of all, Millsaid that the right action is the action that produces the greatesthappiness. But, how should we define happiness? Is it wealth, health, fame,glory, or something else? Happiness seems like a very vague concept onwhich to base a theory. And, Mills theory seems overly demanding. Many ofyour moral decisions affect people about whom you know nothing. How willyou take them into account? And, how far down the road do you have to look?Most of us have trouble calculating the consequences of our actions fornext weekend, never mind next year. Third, and most importantly, it isdifficult for Mills theory to accommodate basic human rights, as thefollowing thought experiment illustrates. .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 , .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 .postImageUrl , .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 , .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448:hover , .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448:visited , .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448:active { border:0!important; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448:active , .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448 .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9188e00f1f7d3de755655a927832f448:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pompeii catastrophe EssayImmanuel Kant (1724-1804) championed the second ethical theory, which saysthat there are some absolute moral rules. Kant argued in favor of thisrule theory on the grounds that obeying rules is required to show respectfor individual rights. He wanted everyone to obey commands such as Thoushalt not kill, Thou shalt not bear false witness, and Thou shaltprotect the innocent, without trying to calculate what will happen. ForKant, the only thing that matters is that you set your mind on doing yourduty; the results are not relevant. Because this theory does not attempt tomaximize happiness, it avoids the three problems with Mills theorydiscussed above. Despite its merits, Kants theory has a serious conceptual difficulty. Kantseemed to think that his absolute rules always clearly command one action. But, that just isnt true. Consider what is known as the Anne Frank caseDuring the Nazi occupation of your country, you are hiding a number ofJewish people behind a false wall in your attic. You know the Nazi secretpolice are trying to round up these people to murder them. A Nazi officerknocks at your door and asks if you are hiding any Jews in the attic. Whatshould you say?According to Kants theory, you have a duty to tell the truth to theofficer, but you also have a duty not to cause the death of innocentpeople. So, this is a case in which our apparent duties conflict. Yet, Kant addressed cases like this. Allowing someone to be killed is notthe same as causing their death. (Kant, I. 1956) According to his theory,if the Nazis come to your door, and there are Jews in your attic, you musttell the truth, because once you leave the attic, you have no idea whetherthe Jews stayed there or instead ran out the back door to the alley. Suppose they ran out the back door to the alley. You decide you want tosave them by lying, but you think they are still in the attic. So, you tellthe Nazis to go look in the alley. By lying you have accidentally becomethe cause of their death; your intention to save their lives has backfired. In other words, you cannot determine what is right or wrong by trying tocalculate results. Telling the truth is the only way of preserving yourmoral integrity in this situation. This solution is clever, but somewhat paradoxical. The paradox is simplythat, for all his talk of ignoring consequences in moral decision making,in his theory Kant has to resort to possible consequences in order tomotivate his claim that we should tell the truth to the killers. Do youthink there is a solution to this paradox?It seems obvious from the cases weve considered in this paper that bothmoral theories form important parts of our ordinary, day-to-day moralreasoning. Yet, these theories were developed in opposition to one another. Do you think there is a way to combine them? ReferencesFrank, A. (1998). Anne Frank: The diary of a young girl. New York:Scholastic. (Original work published 1947)Kant, I. (1956). Groundwork for the metaphysic of morals (H. J. Paton,Trans.). New York: Harper and Row. (Original work published 1785)Mill, J. S. (2002). Utilitarianism. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett. (Originalwork published 1863)